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Learn what deposition is, why gases can turn directly into solids, and how this phase change relates to intermolecular forces in IB Chemistry.

Learn what coordination number is, how it determines complex ion geometry, and why it matters in IB Chemistry transition metal topics.

Learn what octane rating means, why fuels have different ratings, and how octane relates to engine performance in IB Chemistry.

Learn what the triple point is, why all three states of matter coexist, and how this concept is used in IB Chemistry phase diagrams.

Learn what polymer cracking is, why long-chain hydrocarbons are broken into smaller molecules, and how this process is used in IB Chemistry.

Learn what dipole–dipole forces are, why they occur in polar molecules, and how they affect boiling points and solubility in IB Chemistry.

Learn how hydrogen bonds raise boiling points and why this intermolecular force is important in IB Chemistry.

Learn what complete combustion produces, why oxygen supply matters, and how this relates to IB Chemistry energetics.

Learn what global warming potential (GWP) is, how different gases compare to CO₂, and why GWP matters in climate chemistry.

Learn why transition metals produce colored ions, how d-orbital splitting works, and why colors change with ligands in IB Chemistry.

Learn what IR spectroscopy is, how it identifies functional groups, and why it is essential for structure determination in IB Chemistry.

Learn what electrolytes are, how they conduct electricity, and why they are essential in IB Chemistry.

Learn what the ideal gas equation is, how each variable works, and how to use PV=nRT in IB Chemistry calculations.

Learn what an electrolytic cell is, how it uses electricity to drive non-spontaneous reactions, and why it is important in IB Chemistry.

Learn how Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy determine whether a chemical reaction is spontaneous.

Learn what hydrogen bonding is, why it is the strongest intermolecular force, and how it affects boiling points, solubility, and structure in IB Chemistry.

Learn what isomerism is, why molecules with the same formula differ, and how IB Chemistry classifies structural and stereoisomers.

Learn what electrophilic addition is, how alkenes react with electrophiles, and why this mechanism is essential in IB Chemistry.

Learn what the molecular ion peak represents, how it forms, and how to interpret it in IB Chemistry.

Learn what the critical point is, why liquids and gases become indistinguishable, and how this concept appears in IB Chemistry phase diagrams.

Learn what molar mass is, how to calculate it, and why it is essential for stoichiometry and mole calculations in IB Chemistry.