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Learn what radioactivity is, why unstable nuclei decay, and how radioactive emissions work in IB Chemistry.

Learn what molar absorptivity is, how it affects absorbance, and why it is essential for Beer–Lambert law calculations in IB Chemistry.

Learn how metallic bonding works, why metals conduct electricity, and how to explain it clearly in IB Chemistry.

Learn how titration works, why it’s used, and the steps needed to perform accurate acid–base titrations in IB Chemistry.

Learn what thermal decomposition is, why heat breaks compounds apart, and how this process appears in IB Chemistry reactions.

Learn what Le Chatelier’s Principle predicts, how equilibrium shifts occur, and how to apply it confidently in IB Chemistry.

Learn what Gibbs free energy means, how to calculate ΔG, and how it predicts reaction spontaneity in IB Chemistry.

Learn why salt bridges are essential in galvanic cells and how they maintain charge balance for continuous electron flow.

Learn the principle of chromatography, how separation works, and why this technique is essential in IB Chemistry.

Learn what molarity means, how to calculate it, and how to use it in IB Chemistry solution questions.

Learn what allotropes are, the key carbon allotropes, and why graphite and diamond have such different properties.

Learn what mass defect is, why nuclei weigh less than their particles, and how this difference relates to nuclear energy in IB Chemistry.

Learn what bond order is, how to calculate it, and why it affects bond length, strength, and stability in IB Chemistry.

Learn what green chemistry is, why it matters, and how it promotes safer, more sustainable chemical processes in IB Chemistry.

Learn how electronegativity differences create polar and non-polar bonds, with clear IB Chemistry examples and tips.

Learn what a phase diagram is, how to read its lines and points, and why it is essential for understanding states of matter in IB Chemistry.

Learn what an electrolyte solution is, how it conducts electricity, and why electrolytes matter in IB Chemistry.

Learn what a limiting reagent is, how to identify it, and how it determines product amounts in chemical reactions.

Learn how acid–base indicators change color, what determines their pH ranges, and how IB Chemistry explains indicator behavior.

Learn what complex ions are, how ligands bond to metal ions, and why complex ions are central to IB transition metal chemistry.

Learn what electron affinity is, how atoms gain electrons, and why electron affinity shows clear periodic trends in IB Chemistry.