Introduction
Resources are at the heart of environmental systems thinking, and in IB Environmental Systems and Societies (ESS), the 2026 first assessment syllabus highlights the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources.
This topic is central because it directly links to sustainability, ecological footprints, and global inequality. Students must not only define the categories but also evaluate their long-term use, environmental impacts, and management strategies.
Quick Start Checklist for ESS Students
When revising renewable and non-renewable resources, make sure you can:
- Define both categories clearly.
- Give examples of each type.
- Explain advantages and disadvantages.
- Connect resources to sustainability and ecological footprints.
- Use case studies in exam answers.
What Are Renewable Resources?
- Renewable resources can regenerate naturally within human lifespans if used sustainably.
- Examples: solar energy, wind, hydro, biomass, timber, fish stocks (if managed).
Strengths
- Sustainable when managed properly.
- Low greenhouse gas emissions (especially energy resources).
- Long-term availability.
Limitations
- Intermittent supply (e.g., solar and wind).
- Requires infrastructure investment.
- Can still cause environmental impacts (e.g., large dams displacing communities).
