The framework of global politics in the IB Global Politics course is the structured way students analyse political issues, actors, and interactions at the global level. Rather than focusing only on events, the framework encourages students to understand how global politics works, why actors behave as they do, and how power and values shape outcomes. This analytical structure is central to success in both exams and coursework.
At the heart of the IB Global Politics framework are key political actors. These include states, which remain the most powerful and influential actors in global politics, but also a wide range of non-state actors. International organizations, non-governmental organizations, multinational corporations, media groups, and individuals all play roles in shaping global outcomes. The framework recognises that power is no longer held exclusively by states and that influence is increasingly shared across different actors.
Another core element of the framework is the use of levels of analysis. Global political issues can be examined at the global, international, national, local, or individual level. For example, a conflict may be influenced by global power structures, regional alliances, domestic politics, and individual leadership decisions at the same time. The IB expects students to move between levels of analysis to show depth and complexity rather than offering one-dimensional explanations.
The framework also relies heavily on core concepts, such as power, sovereignty, legitimacy, interdependence, and human rights. These concepts act as analytical tools that help students interpret real-world events. Instead of memorising facts, students are encouraged to apply concepts to case studies and evaluate how they interact. This conceptual approach is what distinguishes IB Global Politics from more descriptive political science courses.
In addition, the framework integrates political issues and themes, including development, sustainability, peace and conflict, and rights and justice. These themes provide context for applying concepts and theories. For example, sovereignty may be analysed differently in the context of humanitarian intervention than in trade or development policy. This thematic flexibility allows students to adapt their analysis to a wide range of exam questions.
Finally, the framework emphasises theoretical perspectives such as realism, liberalism, and constructivism. These theories offer different explanations for global political behaviour and outcomes. The IB does not expect students to memorise theory for its own sake, but to use it selectively to support analysis and evaluation.
Overall, the IB Global Politics framework provides a systematic and flexible approach to understanding global issues. Students who master this framework are better equipped to produce analytical, balanced, and high-scoring responses.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Why does IB Global Politics use a framework?
The framework helps students move beyond describing events and towards analysing causes, consequences, and perspectives. It provides structure for understanding complex global issues. By using actors, levels of analysis, concepts, and theories together, students can build more coherent arguments. This is essential for high-mark exam responses. The framework ensures consistency and depth across different topics.
What are the main components of the framework?
The main components include political actors, levels of analysis, core concepts, global themes, and theoretical perspectives. Each component serves a different analytical purpose. Together, they help students examine global politics from multiple angles. Strong answers usually combine several components rather than relying on one alone. This demonstrates sophistication and balance.
How do levels of analysis improve answers?
Levels of analysis allow students to explain political issues at different scales. This avoids oversimplification and shows awareness of complexity. For example, a policy decision may be shaped by both global pressures and domestic politics. IB examiners reward answers that link levels effectively. It also helps with evaluation and comparison.
Do students need to use theory in every answer?
Not every answer requires explicit theory, but theory can strengthen analysis when used appropriately. The IB rewards relevant and accurate application rather than forced inclusion. Theory is especially useful in essays that ask “to what extent” or require explanation of behaviour. Misused theory can weaken answers, so selectivity is important.
How can students practise using the framework?
Students should practise applying concepts and levels of analysis to real-world case studies. Planning answers using the framework before writing helps improve structure. Teachers and examiners value clarity and consistency. Over time, using the framework becomes intuitive. This greatly improves exam confidence and performance.
