North Korean Success (June–Sept 1950): The KPA (North Korean Army) captured Seoul within days and pushed US/UN forces all the way back to the Pusan Perimeter in the southeast corner of the peninsula.
The Turning Point - Inchon (Sept 1950): General Douglas MacArthur launched a risky amphibious assault at Inchon (behind enemy lines). This cut North Korean supply lines, allowing UN forces to retake Seoul and push north.
Crossing the 38th Parallel (Rollback): US policy shifted from "containment" (restoring the border) to "rollback" (unifying Korea). UN forces advanced toward the Yalu River (the border with China).
Chinese Intervention (Oct–Nov 1950): Threatened by US troops on their border, 300,000 Chinese troops ("People's Volunteers") attacked. They utilized human wave tactics and the harsh winter to drive UN forces back south of the 38th parallel.
Note
The war is often described as a "seesaw" because the front line moved rapidly up and down the peninsula before settling into a stalemate near the original border.
The Truman-MacArthur Controversy (1951)
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The Prague Spring: A Turning Point in Eastern Europe
In 1968, Czechoslovakia embarked on a bold path of reform under the leadership of Alexander Dubček.
This period, known as the Prague Spring, aimed to create "socialism with a human face" by introducing liberalizing policies such as:
Freedom of speech and press
Economic reforms based on consumer demand
Increased autonomy for the Slovak minority
DefinitionPrague SpringA period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during 1968, aiming to create a more humane form of socialism.
NoteThe Action Programme of April 1968 outlined these reforms, emphasizing a distinct Czechoslovak path to socialism while remaining loyal to Marxism-Leninism.
ExampleImagine a company allowing employees to choose their own projects while still following overall company goals. This analogy reflects the Prague Spring's approach to socialism.
