G.5.2 Contrasting Urban Challenges and Responses
Understanding Scale in Urban Challenges
Urban challenges manifest differently across various geographical scales, from local neighborhoods to entire metropolitan regions. Let's break down how different cities tackle these challenges based on their economic development and geographical location.
LEDC vs MEDC Priorities
LEDC Focus: Basic Infrastructure
- Primary Concerns:
- Water supply and sanitation
- Reliable electricity
- Basic housing
- Public transportation
- Healthcare facilities
- Converting informal settlements into formal housing
- Installing water connections
- Creating proper sewage systems
MEDC Focus: Sustainability
- Key Initiatives:
- Green building standards
- Smart city technology
- Renewable energy integration
- Sustainable transport systems
- Urban biodiversity
- Bicycle infrastructure (50% of trips by bike)
- Green roof policies
- Carbon neutrality goals
- Smart traffic management
Climate Change Adaptation: Coastal vs Inland Cities
Coastal Cities
Unique Challenges:
- Sea level rise
- Storm surges
- Coastal erosion
- Saltwater intrusion
Response Strategies:
- Hard Engineering
- Sea walls
- Flood barriers
- Raised infrastructure
- Soft Engineering
- Mangrove restoration
- Beach nourishment
- Wetland conservation
Inland Cities
Primary Concerns:
- Urban heat island effect
- Flash flooding
