Understanding Inputs and Outputs
Definition
Inputs
The data or information is provided to a program to process.
Definition
Outputs
The results or responses produced by the program after processing the inputs that are available to the user or another system.
Example
- Consider the formula for average velocity $ V = \frac{s}{t} $
- Inputs:
- s: total displacement (distance travelled)
- t: time elapsed
- Output:
- V: average velocity
- In this example, the inputs s and t are essential for calculating the output V.
- Without these inputs, the program cannot perform the calculation.
Note
- Inputs and outputs are not limited to numerical data.
- They can include text, files, images, user actions, and more, depending on the program's purpose.
Why do We Need Inputs and Outputs?
Because they help to:
- Guide algorithm design: Inputs and outputs define the structure of the algorithm, ensuring it meets the problem's requirements.
- Enable user interaction: Inputs allow users to provide data, while outputs deliver results or feedback.
- Facilitate testing and validation: Clearly defined inputs and outputs make it easier to test and validate the program's functionality.
Example
Imagine designing a calculator app:
- Input: The user enters 8 + 5.
- Process: The algorithm adds the two numbers.
- Output: The app displays 13.
Identifying Inputs and Outputs
- Define the problem: Clearly understand the issue you are trying to solve.
- Determine required data: Identify what information is needed to solve the problem.
- Specify outputs: Determine what results or information the program should produce.
- Map inputs to outputs: Establish how inputs will be processed to generate the desired outputs.
Hint
- Always start by identifying the outputs first.
- This helps clarify what inputs are necessary to achieve the desired results.
Hint
When designing an algorithm with inputs and outputs, consider:
- Data validation: Ensure inputs are valid and within expected ranges to prevent runtime errors or incorrect outputs.
- User-friendly outputs: Present outputs in a clear and understandable format for users.
- Efficiency: Minimise unnecessary inputs and outputs to streamline the program's operation.
