Types of Networks
There are multiple types of networks applied in different scenarios.
Local Area Network (LAN)
Local Area Netwrok (LAN)
A LAN connects devices over a short distance, typically within a building or campus.
A LAN typically uses Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi to connect devices, allowing for high-speed data transfer and resource sharing.
Key Characteristics:
- Geographical Scope: Limited to a small area.
- High Data Transfer Rates: Typically faster than wider networks.
- Resource Sharing: Enables sharing of printers, files, and other resources.
A school network connecting computers, printers, and servers within a single building is a classic example of a LAN.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is similar to a LAN but uses wireless technology (such as Wi-Fi) to connect devices.
Key Characteristics:
- Mobility: Allows devices to connect without physical cables.
- Flexibility: Supports mobile devices like laptops and smartphones.
- Security Considerations: Wireless networks can be more vulnerable to unauthorised access.
A coffee shop offering free Wi-Fi to its customers is an example of a WLAN in action.
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)
A logical grouping of devices within a LAN, allowing them to communicate as if they were on the same physical network, even if they are not.
Key Characteristics:
- Segmentation: Divides a physical network into separate logical networks.
- Improved Security: Isolates sensitive data and resources.
- Flexibility: Allows for easy reconfiguration without changing physical connections.
A company might use VLANs to separate its HR, sales, and IT departments, ensuring that each has access only to relevant resources.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A WAN connects devices across large geographic areas, such as cities or countries.
Key Characteristics:
- Geographical Scope: Covers large areas, often using leased telecommunication lines.
- Integration of LANs: Connects multiple LANs to form a larger network.
The Internet is the largest WAN, connecting networks worldwide.
NoteWANs often rely on technologies like fiber optics, satellites, and microwave transmissionto achieve long-distance connectivity.
Storage Area Network (SAN)
A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a specialised network that provides high-speed access to consolidated storage devices.
