Computer System Components
Hardware
Hardware
The physical parts of a computer system, including internal components like the CPU and RAM, and external devices like monitors, keyboards, and printers.
Hardware consists of the tangible elements you can see and touch.
Some most common examples of hardware:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): The "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions.
- Memory: Includes RAM (Random Access Memory) for temporary data storage and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent instructions.
- Storage Devices: Hard drives, SSDs, and optical drives that store data and software.
- Motherboard: The main circuit board connecting all components.
- Power Supply: Converts electrical energy to power the system.
- Cooling Systems: Fans and heat sinks to prevent overheating.
Hardware is essential for a computer to function, but it requires software to perform specific tasks.
Software
Software
A set of programs, instructions, or data that directs computer operation and allows it to execute specific tasks
Software is intangible and exists in the form of code.
Software can be classified into several types:
- System Software: Includes operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux) that manage hardware and provide a platform for applications.
- Application Software: Programs designed for specific tasks, such as word processors, web browsers, and games.
- Utility Software: Tools that perform maintenance tasks, like antivirus programs and disk cleaners.
Software is useless without hardware to run it, and hardware is ineffective without software to guide its operations.
Peripherals: Extending System Capabilities
Peripheral
An external device connected to a computer that adds functionality, such as input (e.g., keyboard), output (e.g., headphones), or both (e.g., touchscreen)
Peripheral devices are not part of the core system but are essential for specific tasks.
We can divide them into different categories:
- Input Devices: Allow users to enter data (e.g., keyboards, mice, scanners).
- Output Devices: Display or produce results (e.g., monitors, printers, speakers).
- Storage Devices: External drives and USB flash drives for additional storage.
- Communication Devices: Network cards and modems for internet connectivity.
Peripherals communicate with the computer through interfaces and protocols like USB, HDMI, or Bluetooth.
Built-in hard drives or SSDs (inside the computer) are not usually considered as peripherals.
Networks:
A network is a collection of interconnected computer systems that share resources and data.
Network
A system where multiple computers or devices (nodes) are connected to share data, resources, and communicate with each other
Networks enable communication, resource sharing, and collaboration between devices and users.
- There are different types of networks, e.g. LAN and WAN.
- Please refer to the third topic, "Networks", for more information.
Human Resources
Human resources refer to the people involved in the design, development, operation, and maintenance of computer systems.
Human Resources
The people who work within an organisation, along with the department that manages hiring, training, and employee support.
Some roles that human resources consist of might include:
- System Analysts: Design and plan computer systems to meet organisational needs.
- Programmers: Write and maintain software code.
- Network Administrators: Manage and secure network infrastructure.
- Technical Support: Assist users with hardware and software issues.
- End Users: Individuals who interact with the system to perform tasks.
Human resources is not only about the available programmer workforce, but also includes end-users!
Human resources are critical for ensuring that computer systems are designed effectively and operate smoothly.
Component Interaction
Understanding how these components interact with each other is crucial for system design and optimisation.
- Hardware and Software: Software runs on hardware, and hardware relies on software for instructions.
- Peripherals and Hardware: Peripherals extend the capabilities of the core hardware, enabling input, output, and storage.
- Networks and Software: Networks allow software applications to communicate and share data across devices.
- Human Resources and Systems: People design, implement, and maintain systems, ensuring they meet user needs and organisational goals.
When designing a computer system, consider how each component interacts with others to ensure seamless operation.
- Can you explain the difference between hardware and software?
- How do peripherals enhance the capabilities of a computer system?
- Why are human resources essential in the design and maintenance of computer systems?
