Notes for D3.2.3 Genotype as the combination of alleles inherited by an organism - IB | RevisionDojo
D3.2.3 Genotype as the combination of alleles inherited by an organism Notes
Genotype as the Combination of Alleles Inherited by an Organism
Definition
Genotype
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the combination of alleles it inherits for a particular trait.
Understanding genetics starts with recognizing that genes are the basic units of heredity, but they come in different versions.
These variations are what create diversity in traits.
Definition
Gene
A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait, such as eye color or blood type.
Definition
Allele
An allele is a variation of a gene.
Example
The gene for flower color in pea plants might have alleles for purple or white flowers.
Understanding Homozygous and Heterozygous Genotypes
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Questions
Recap questions
1 of 5
Question 1
Recap question
How do homozygous and heterozygous individuals differ in their contribution to allelic diversity in gametes for a single gene locus?
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Note
Introduction to Genotype
The genotype of an organism is like its genetic blueprint, containing all the information needed to build and maintain the organism.
The genotype consists of the specific combination of alleles inherited from both parents.
Think of genotype as the "recipe" for an organism, while the physical appearance or traits are the "dish" that results from following the recipe.
AnalogyImagine a recipe for chocolate chip cookies. The recipe (genotype) specifies whether to use dark or milk chocolate chips (alleles), while the final cookies (phenotype) show the result of those choices.
DefinitionGenotypeThe complete set of genetic information in an organism, including all the alleles it possesses.
ExampleIn humans, the genotype for blood type might be written as IAi, where IA and i are alleles for blood type.
