Notes for D1.3.6 Consequences of mutation in germ cells and somatic cells - IB | RevisionDojo
D1.3.6 Consequences of mutation in germ cells and somatic cells Notes
Mutations Occur in Two Primary Cell Types
Mutations can occur in two primary cell types:
Germ Cells: These give rise to gametes (sperm and eggs).
Somatic Cells: These make up the rest of the body.
The impact of a mutation depends on where it occurs.
Gamete versus somatic mutationsTip
Mutations in germ cells can be inherited, affecting future generations.
Mutations in somatic cellsaffect only the individual and are not passed on.
Mutations in Germ Cells: Inheritance and Evolution
Germ Cells and Gametes
Germ cells are specialized cells in the gonads (ovaries and testes) that undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
Mutations in these cells can create new alleles, which may be:
Neutral: No noticeable effect.
Harmful: Cause genetic diseases.
Beneficial: Enhance survival or reproduction.
Common Mistake
It’s a common misconception that mutations are always harmful. In reality, they are the source of all genetic diversity.
Mutations in Somatic Cells: Cancer and Other Effects
Somatic Cells and Limited Impact
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Questions
Recap questions
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Question 1
Recap question
A cell carries one activated oncogene and one inactivated tumor suppressor gene. Why does this combination increase cancer risk more than having either mutation alone?
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Note
A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a cell. Mutations can occur naturally during DNA replication or be induced by external factors like radiation or chemicals.
Mutations can occur in any cell, but their effects depend on the type of cell they occur in.
They can range from a single base change to large-scale chromosomal alterations.
DefinitionMutation - A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
AnalogyThink of DNA as a recipe book. A mutation is like a typo in the recipe - sometimes it doesn't matter, sometimes it ruins the dish, and sometimes it creates a new flavor!
Common MistakeStudents often think all mutations are harmful. In reality, many are neutral, and some can even be beneficial.
