Transmission of HIV in Body Fluids
Definition
HIV
A virus that attacks the immune system, leading to the eventual development of AIDS if untreated.
- Specifically, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting helper T-cells.
- If left untreated, HIV can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition where the immune system becomes severely weakened, making the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
- HIV is primarily transmitted through specific body fluids:
- Blood
- Semen
- Vaginal fluids
- Rectal secretions
- Breast milk
- These fluids must come into contact with a mucous membrane, damaged tissue, or be directly injected into the bloodstream for transmission to occur.
- Avoid assuming HIV can be transmitted through casual contact like hugging or sharing utensils.
- It requires specific conditions for transmission.
Mechanisms of HIV Transmission
1. Sexual Contact
- Unprotected sex (vaginal, anal, or oral) is the most common way HIV spreads.
- During intercourse, abrasions or microtears in the mucous membranes of the genital or rectal areas can allow the virus to enter the bloodstream.
If a couple engages in unprotected sex, even if one partner is HIV-positive, the virus in their semen or vaginal fluids can enter the other partner’s body through tiny tears in the mucous membranes.
TipUsing condoms consistently and correctly can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission during sexual activity.
2. Sharing Needles
- HIV can spread through shared needles or syringes contaminated with infected blood.
- This is a major transmission route among intravenous drug users.
- In a group of people sharing a needle for drug use,
- If one person is HIV-positive, the virus can be transferred to others through the shared needle.
