Flashcards for B - Form and Function - IB
These interactive flashcards help IB Biology students Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL) quickly review and memorize the essential definitions, formulas, and terms needed for success in IB Exams. Each card focuses on B - Form and Function and is aligned with the IB Biology syllabus, ensuring focused revision on cell biology, genetics, and ecology. Students can test themselves anytime, anywhere, perfect for reinforcing tricky concepts, learning IB terminology, and committing formulas to memory. By using RevisionDojo's flashcards consistently, learners turn repetition into mastery and enter the exam with confidence.
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B1.1 Carbohydrates and lipids
13 subtopics
B1.1.1 Chemical properties of a carbon atom
23 flashcards
B1.1.2 Production of macromolecules by condensation reactions
14 flashcards
B1.1.3 Digestion of polymers into monomers by hydrolysis reactions
16 flashcards
B1.1.4 Form and function of monosaccharides
21 flashcards
B1.1.5 Polysaccharides as energy storage compounds
21 flashcards
B1.1.6 Structure of cellulose
15 flashcards
B1.1.7 Role of glycoproteins in cell–cell recognition
15 flashcards
B1.1.8 Hydrophobic properties of lipids
21 flashcards
B1.1.9 Formation of triglycerides and phospholipids by condensation reactions
21 flashcards
B1.1.10 Difference between saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
23 flashcards
B1.1.11 Triglycerides in adipose tissues for energy storage and thermal insulation
20 flashcards
B1.1.12 Formation of phospholipid bilayers
18 flashcards
B1.1.13 Ability of non-polar steroids to pass through the phospholipid bilayer
20 flashcards
B1.2 Proteins
12 subtopics
B1.2.1 Generalized structure of an amino acid
17 flashcards
B1.2.2 Condensation reactions forming dipeptides and longer chains of amino acids
17 flashcards
B1.2.3 Dietary requirements for amino acids
17 flashcards
B1.2.4 Infinite variety of possible peptide chains
27 flashcards
B1.2.5 Effect of pH and temperature on protein structure
21 flashcards
B1.2.6 Chemical diversity in the R-groups of amino acids (HL)
20 flashcards
B1.2.7 Impact of primary structure on the conformation of proteins (HL)
20 flashcards
B1.2.8 Pleating and coiling of secondary structure of proteins (HL)
19 flashcards
B1.2.9 Dependence of tertiary structure on functional groups (HL)
16 flashcards
B1.2.10 Effect of polar and non-polar amino acids on tertiary structure of proteins (HL)
16 flashcards
B1.2.11 Quaternary structure of non-conjugated and conjugated proteins (HL)
16 flashcards
B1.2.12 Relationship of form and function in globular and fibrous proteins (HL)
20 flashcards
B2.1 Membranes and membrane transport
17 subtopics
B2.1.1 Lipid bilayers as the basis of cell membranes
16 flashcards
B2.1.2 Lipid bilayers as barriers
17 flashcards
B2.1.3 Simple diffusion across membranes
17 flashcards
B2.1.4 Integral and peripheral proteins in membranes
13 flashcards
B2.1.5 Movement of water molecules across membranes by osmosis and the role of aquaporins
15 flashcards
B2.1.6 Channel proteins for facilitated diffusion
16 flashcards
B2.1.7 Pump proteins for active transport
15 flashcards
B2.1.8 Selectivity in membrane permeability
20 flashcards
B2.1.9 Structure and function of glycoproteins and glycolipids
20 flashcards
B2.1.10 Fluid mosaic model of membrane structure
19 flashcards
B2.1.11 Relationships between fatty acid composition of lipid bilayers and their fluidity (HL)
19 flashcards
B2.1.12 Cholesterol and membrane fluidity in animal cells (HL)
18 flashcards
B2.1.13 Membrane fluidity and the fusion and formation of vesicles (HL)
14 flashcards
B2.1.14 Gated ion channels in neurons (HL)
21 flashcards
B2.1.15 Sodium–potassium pumps as an example of exchange transporters (HL)
23 flashcards
B2.1.16 Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters as an example of indirect active transport (HL)
18 flashcards
B2.1.17 Adhesion of cells to form tissues (HL)
15 flashcards
B2.2 Organelles and compartmentalization
9 subtopics
B2.2.1 Organelles as discrete subunits of cells that are adapted to perform specific functions
24 flashcards
B2.2.2 Advantage of the separation of the nucleus and cytoplasm into separate compartments
18 flashcards
B2.2.3 Advantages of compartmentalization in the cytoplasm of cells
15 flashcards
B2.2.4 Adaptations of the mitochondrion for production of ATP by aerobic cell respiration (HL)
20 flashcards
B2.2.5 Adaptations of the chloroplast for photosynthesis (HL)
14 flashcards
B2.2.6 Functional benefits of the double membrane of the nucleus (HL)
15 flashcards
B2.2.7 Structure and function of free ribosomes and of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (HL)
19 flashcards
B2.2.8 Structure and function of the Golgi apparatus (HL)
16 flashcards
B2.2.9 Structure and function of vesicles in cells (HL)
22 flashcards
B2.3 Cell specialization
10 subtopics
B2.3.1 Production of unspecialized cells following fertilization and their development
11 flashcards
B2.3.2 Properties of stem cells
6 flashcards
B2.3.3 Location and function of stem cell niches in adult humans
19 flashcards
B2.3.4 Differences between totipotent, pluripotent and multipotent stem cells
17 flashcards
B2.3.5 Cell size as an aspect of specialization
21 flashcards
B2.3.6 Surface area-to-volume ratios and constraints on cell size
21 flashcards
B2.3.7 Adaptations to increase surface area-to-volume ratios of cells (HL)
15 flashcards
B2.3.8 Adaptations of type I and type II pneumocytes in alveoli (HL)
20 flashcards
B2.3.9 Adaptations of cardiac muscle cells and striated muscle fibres (HL)
20 flashcards
B2.3.10 Adaptations of sperm and egg cells (HL)
15 flashcards
B3.1 Gas exchange
13 subtopics
B3.1.1 Gas exchange as a vital function in all organisms
21 flashcards
B3.1.2 Properties of gas-exchange surfaces
20 flashcards
B3.1.3 Maintenance of concentration gradients at exchange surfaces in animals
15 flashcards
B3.1.4 Adaptations of mammalian lungs for gas exchange
15 flashcards
B3.1.5 Ventilation of the lungs
74 flashcards
B3.1.6 Measurement of lung volumes
21 flashcards
B3.1.7 Adaptations for gas exchange in leaves
169 flashcards
B3.1.8 Distribution of tissues in a leaf
10 flashcards
B3.1.9 Transpiration as a consequence of gas exchange in a leaf
19 flashcards
B3.1.10 Stomatal density
18 flashcards
B3.1.11 Adaptations of foetal and adult haemoglobin for the transport of oxygen (HL)
20 flashcards
B3.1.12 Bohr shift (HL)
14 flashcards
B3.1.13 Oxygen dissociation curves (HL)
15 flashcards
B3.2 Transport
18 subtopics
B3.2.1 Adaptations of capillaries for exchange of materials
332 flashcards
B3.2.2 Structure of arteries and veins
20 flashcards
B3.2.3 Adaptations of arteries for the transport of blood away from the heart
19 flashcards
B3.2.4 Measurement of pulse rates
19 flashcards
B3.2.5 Adaptations of veins for the return of blood to the heart
19 flashcards
B3.2.6 Causes and consequences of occlusion of the coronary arteries
20 flashcards
B3.2.7 Transport of water from roots to leaves during transpiration
15 flashcards
B3.2.8 Adaptations of xylem vessels for transport of water
19 flashcards
B3.2.9 Distribution of tissues in a transverse section of the stem of a dicotyledonous plant
18 flashcards
B3.2.10 Distribution of tissues in a transverse section of the root of a dicotyledonous plant
14 flashcards
B3.2.11 Release and reuptake of tissue fluid in capillaries (HL)
18 flashcards
B3.2.12 Exchange of substances between tissue fluid and cells in tissues (HL)
14 flashcards
B3.2.13 Drainage of excess tissue fluid into lymph ducts (HL)
18 flashcards
B3.2.14 Differences between circulation of bony fish and of mammals (HL)
21 flashcards
B3.2.15 Adaptations of the mammalian heart for delivering pressurized blood to the arteries (HL)
18 flashcards
B3.2.16 Stages in the cardiac cycle (HL)
23 flashcards
B3.2.17 Generation of root pressure in xylem vessels by active transport of mineral ions (HL)
18 flashcards
B3.2.18 Adaptations of phloem sieve tubes and companion cells for translocation of sap (HL)
19 flashcards
B3.3 Muscle and motility (HL)
10 subtopics
B3.3.1 Adaptations for movement as a universal feature of living organisms
20 flashcards
B3.3.2 Sliding filament model of muscle contraction
19 flashcards
B3.3.3 Role of the protein titin and antagonistic muscles in muscle relaxation
19 flashcards
B3.3.4 Structure and function of motor units in skeletal muscle
20 flashcards
B3.3.5 Roles of skeletons as anchorage for muscles and as levers
18 flashcards
B3.3.6 Movement at a synovial joint
20 flashcards
B3.3.7 Range of motion of a joint
22 flashcards
B3.3.8 Internal and external intercostal muscles
15 flashcards
B3.3.9 Reasons for locomotion
13 flashcards
B3.3.10 Adaptations for swimming in marine mammals
19 flashcards
B4.1 Adaptation to environment
8 subtopics
B4.1.1 Habitat as the place in which a community, species, population or organism lives
17 flashcards
B4.1.2 Adaptations of organisms to the abiotic environment of their habitat
19 flashcards
B4.1.3 Abiotic variables affecting species distribution
21 flashcards
B4.1.4 Range of tolerance of a limiting factor
17 flashcards
B4.1.5 Conditions required for coral reef formation
15 flashcards
B4.1.6 Abiotic factors as the determinants of terrestrial biome distribution
23 flashcards
B4.1.7 Biomes as groups of ecosystems with similar communities
17 flashcards
B4.1.8 Adaptations to life in hot deserts and tropical rainforest
19 flashcards
B4.2 Ecological niches
13 subtopics
B4.2.1 Ecological niche as the role of a species in an ecosystem
15 flashcards
B4.2.2 Organisms that are obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes and obligate aerobes
20 flashcards
B4.2.3 Photosynthesis as the mode of nutrition
21 flashcards
B4.2.4 Holozoic nutrition in animals
20 flashcards
B4.2.5 Mixotrophic nutrition in some protists
16 flashcards
B4.2.6 Saprotrophic nutrition in some fungi and bacteria
22 flashcards
B4.2.7 Diversity of nutrition in archaea
15 flashcards
B4.2.8 Dentition and the diet of omnivorous and herbivorous members of the family Hominidae
15 flashcards
B4.2.9 Adaptations of herbivores for feeding on plants and of plants for resisting herbivory
20 flashcards
B4.2.10 Adaptations of predators
20 flashcards
B4.2.11 Adaptations of plant form for harvesting light
28 flashcards
B4.2.12 Fundamental and realized niches
14 flashcards
B4.2.13 Competitive exclusion and the uniqueness of ecological niches
9 flashcards