Observations
Naturalistic vs. Controlled Observation
- Naturalistic Observation : Observing behavior in its natural environment without interference.
- Controlled Observation : Conducted in a structured environment where variables can be controlled.
Naturalistic Observations
- Strengths: High ecological validity; behavior is more likely to be authentic.
- Limitations: Less control over extraneous variables; harder to replicate.
Controlled Observation
- Strengths: Greater control over variables; easier to replicate.
- Limitations: Lower ecological validity; participants may alter their behavior.
Overt vs. Covert Observation
- Overt Observation: Participants are aware they are being observed.
- Covert Observation: Participants are unaware they are being observed.
Overt Observation
- Strengths: Ethically straightforward; easier to obtain consent.
- Limitations: Risk of demand characteristics (participants alter behavior).
Covert Observation
- Strengths: Reduces demand characteristics; behavior is more natural.
- Limitations: Raises ethical concerns; difficult to obtain informed consent.
